Red foods and rinks at Juneteenth celebrations reflect the blood, resilience and cultural heritage of enslaved Africans and their descendants. The tradition began in 1865 when the holiday began as those enslaved people were informed of their freedom.
The color red has a number of of meanings. It represents the blood shed by Africans and African Americans curing capture, transport and enslavement. Red also symbolizes strength, life, spirituality and transformation – cultural traditions from West Africa of the Yoruba, Kongo and Asante people.
During west African ceremonial practices, the presence of the color red was associated with power and offerings to ancestors and deities. Africans brought these traditions, in the form of food and drinks, to the colonies when they were enslaved. Red drinks such as hibiscus tea and strawberry soda have roots in west African plants like the kola nut.
Some red foods that have been included in Juneteenth celebrations are: red velvet cake; watermelon, strawberries, cherries and raspberries; red punch and strawberry soda; barbecue meats with red sauces or rubs; red beans and rice; hibiscus-based beverages. Such foods are not only symbolic but also seasonal. Traditional dishes such as collard greens or black-eyed peas may be prepared with red peppers or red rice to add to the tradition.
In modern days, the serving of red foods honors the resilience, heritage and spirit of African Americans and connects with African roots along with reinforcing the holiday’s themes of unity, remembrance and cultural pride.