{"id":18508,"date":"2026-02-12T23:42:02","date_gmt":"2026-02-12T23:42:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wordpress.thetruthtoledo.com\/?p=18508"},"modified":"2026-02-12T23:42:02","modified_gmt":"2026-02-12T23:42:02","slug":"reconstruction-and-jim-crow-1865-1941","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wordpress.thetruthtoledo.com\/index.php\/2026\/02\/12\/reconstruction-and-jim-crow-1865-1941\/","title":{"rendered":"Reconstruction\u00a0and\u00a0Jim\u00a0Crow\u00a0(1865\u20131941)"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li><strong>1866<\/strong>:\u00a0Civil\u00a0Rights\u00a0Act\u00a0grants\u00a0citizenship\u00a0and\u00a0equal\u00a0protection\u00a0to\u00a0African\u00a0Americans<\/li>\n<li><strong>1868<\/strong>:\u00a014th\u00a0Amendment\u00a0ratified,\u00a0granting\u00a0equal\u00a0protection\u00a0and\u00a0due\u00a0process<\/li>\n<li><strong>1870<\/strong>:\u00a015th\u00a0Amendment\u00a0guarantees\u00a0Black\u00a0men\u00a0the\u00a0right\u00a0to\u00a0vote<\/li>\n<li><strong>1877<\/strong>:\u00a0End\u00a0of\u00a0Reconstruction\u00a0leads\u00a0to\u00a0Jim\u00a0Crow\u00a0laws\u00a0enforcing\u00a0segregation<\/li>\n<li><strong>1896<\/strong>:\u00a0Plessy\u00a0v.\u00a0Ferguson\u00a0legalizes\u00a0&#8220;separate\u00a0but\u00a0equal&#8221;\u00a0segregation<\/li>\n<li><strong>1909<\/strong>:\u00a0NAACP\u00a0founded\u00a0to\u00a0combat\u00a0racial\u00a0discrimination\u00a0and\u00a0enforce\u00a0civil\u00a0rights<\/li>\n<li><strong>1920s<\/strong>:\u00a0Harlem\u00a0Renaissance\u00a0celebrates\u00a0African\u00a0American\u00a0culture\u00a0through\u00a0literature,\u00a0music,\u00a0and\u00a0art<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1866:\u00a0Civil\u00a0Rights\u00a0Act\u00a0grants\u00a0citizenship\u00a0and\u00a0equal\u00a0protection\u00a0to\u00a0African\u00a0Americans 1868:\u00a014th\u00a0Amendment\u00a0ratified,\u00a0granting\u00a0equal\u00a0protection\u00a0and\u00a0due\u00a0process 1870:\u00a015th\u00a0Amendment\u00a0guarantees\u00a0Black\u00a0men\u00a0the\u00a0right\u00a0to\u00a0vote 1877:\u00a0End\u00a0of\u00a0Reconstruction\u00a0leads\u00a0to\u00a0Jim\u00a0Crow\u00a0laws\u00a0enforcing\u00a0segregation 1896:\u00a0Plessy\u00a0v.\u00a0Ferguson\u00a0legalizes\u00a0&#8220;separate\u00a0but\u00a0equal&#8221;\u00a0segregation 1909:\u00a0NAACP\u00a0founded\u00a0to\u00a0combat\u00a0racial\u00a0discrimination\u00a0and\u00a0enforce\u00a0civil\u00a0rights 1920s:\u00a0Harlem\u00a0Renaissance\u00a0celebrates\u00a0African\u00a0American\u00a0culture\u00a0through\u00a0literature,\u00a0music,\u00a0and\u00a0art<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[252],"tags":[],"wf_post_folders":[334],"class_list":["post-18508","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-politics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.thetruthtoledo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18508","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.thetruthtoledo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.thetruthtoledo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.thetruthtoledo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.thetruthtoledo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18508"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.thetruthtoledo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18508\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18509,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.thetruthtoledo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18508\/revisions\/18509"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.thetruthtoledo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18508"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.thetruthtoledo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18508"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.thetruthtoledo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18508"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.thetruthtoledo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=18508"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}